An unanticipated response to this site was the number of inquiries regarding Native American peoples and their history. Below are links which may offer helpful starting points.
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Native North Americans Canku Ota ("Many Paths"), a colorful biweekly online news magazine including articles on history, language, culture and contemporary issues. (Formerly "Turtle Tracks.") Appealing to all ages. Includes a search engine and archive of past issues. An Introduction To The American Indian, a text overview by Paul E. Pettennude, Ph.D. Northwest Native Americans The Chinook Nation's official Web site. trailtribes.com is a project of the Lifelong Learning Project at the University of Montana, developed as part of the Lifelong Learning Online partnership, which reviews the traditional and contemporary native culture of the tribes of the Northwest and Pacific Northwest, including the Chinook people. The site includes video and audio interviews. Bruce Hallman's History of the Northwest Coast includes historic photos. Those frequent links embedded in the text lead to expanded internal pages on individual topics. Discover Cathlapotle! A cultural and natural history of the Chinook people for students and educators, by PSU anthro grad student Darin Molnar. (Prepared ten years ago; some outbound links are no more.) Chinook Tribes page of the Explore! Linguistics site at the University of Oregon for high school students. Excerpted from Michael Johnson's Native American Tribes of North America: A Concise Encyclopedia; describes and distinguishes the several Chinookan tribes (Chinook language group). See also the index of all Oregon tribes, with clickable navigation map. Native Americans of Oregon by Lynn Ewing of the Chenowith (The Dalles) School District. Similar to the "Languages of Oregon" section of the U of O's Explore! Linguistics site, this page offers a clearer clickable navigation map, outbound links to tribal Web sites, and a bibliography. Stephanie Flora's Northwest Indians page, well suited for grade students, describes appearance, food, dwellings, clothing, language and customs. The Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde's Web site. Today's Chinook population live throughout western Oregon and Southwest Washington, but many are members of the Grand Ronde Community. A "snapshot history" of Native Americans of Puget Sound from HistoryLink, a project related to the sesquicentennial of Seattle and King County. This page is expanded occasionally. "The Indian Tribes of North America," by John R. Swanton (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletins, 1952). An exhaustive compilation of previous records offering detailed information regarding Native American settlements and population distribution, as observed in the era of early contact. Note that the records from which this was drawn were made after some disruption of population had occurred and before Northwest Native social structure was well understood, so this work is regarded today as somewhat incomplete. (See caveat at Cal State's NADP, linked below.)
NEW The Northern Plains Archive Project, St. Paul, MN, has the entire text of Swanton on-line, navigated via clickable map. Washington excerpt, Oregon excerpt. This HTML conversion is superior (in typographic accuracy) to mine, but may be more difficult to view on smaller screens. (The division between the small upper frame containing the text and the lower one displaying the map may be adjusted using your mouse.) The California section is also on-line, presented by the Native American Documents Project of Cal State, San Marcos, for student reference. Includes a contemporary introduction, orthography, and clickable maps. A "Pacific Northwest" extract of this work (extending to the Dakotas) has been printed by the Shorey Book Store of Seattle, which may be found in many local Northwest libraries. Lower Chinook Ethnographic Notes by Verne F. Ray, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, May 1938. Richly detailed description of Chinook life. 165 pages (microfilm image scans). Northwest Pioneers and Indians Clackamas County History Page by Patricia Kohnen. A detailed and unique Web resource featuring the 19th-century history of the area. See The First People of Clackamas County for the story of the Clackamas, Kalapuyas and Molallas. The Oregon Historical Society added a source-based tutorial/reference section to their site in 2003, the Oregon History Project, intended for the public as well as teachers and students. The site continues to expand. The "Lewis & Clark Rediscovery Project" is an extensive, multi-University effort, including interactive pages and video. History of Washington State and the Pacific Northwest: Extensive lecture notes for the University of Washington course by Prof. John Findlay. Several lessons focus on Northwest's Native Americans' post-contact and contemporary experience. Beautifully illustrated. Oregon History Page of the online Oregon Blue Book (Secretary of State's office). A new history of Oregon written by Stephen Dow Beckham, Professor of History at Lewis and Clark College. Includes four chapters of pre-contact history. (The previous Oregon history featured in the Blue Book was written by Terrence O'Donnell and appeared in 1985. It has been published as separate work by the Oregonian Historical Society under the title, "That Balance So Rare: The Story of Oregon.") "Oregon Trail History Library," featuring three dozen thoughtful and colorful articles, from the End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center in Oregon City. Resources for Teachers The Library of Congress' Collection Connections--American Indians of the Pacific Northwest is a guide to images and texts in the American Memory Project at the LOC and the University of Washgton Libraries' Digital Collections. The Smithsonian Anthropology Outreach Office's Critical Bibliography on North American Indians for K-12 is categorized into traditional stories, fiction and nonfiction books for Northwest Coast tribes overall and for individual tribes. NEW The Oregon Historical Society's Learning Center: Lesson Plan: Elementary School: Encounters. Images United States American Historical Images On File: The Native American Experience, by Professor Troy Johnson of California State University, Long Beach. Several dozen photos and drawings spanning pre-contact to the present; many 19th century photos. American Indians of the Pacific Northwest Digital Collection, University of Washington Libraries. Searchable index of hundreds of high-quality historic images. (May be browsed; displays a half-dozen thumbnails at a time, from a selection of seven categories.) NEW Canada Encounters: Early Images of Canada's Aboriginal Peoples, photos by the Canadian Geological Survey from the mid-19th to mid-20th century. At National Resources Canada, excerpted from the 1996 book by John A. Stevens. More Canadian Culture photo essays may be found via Images Canada, a developing collaboration of Canadian of museums, libraries and archives. Pride and Dignity: Aboriginal Portraits is a "virtual exhibition" of over 60 mid-19th to mid-20th century photos, excerpted from Aboriginal Portraits from the National Archives of Canada produced by Edward Tompkins and Jeff Thomas for exhibition at the National Archives in 1996. The photos are well described and explained in historical context. At Library and Archives Canada's new Web site, REVISED Maps A few basic maps of the northwestern continent's geography and Native language areas, adapted from U.S. and Canadian atlases, are presented on this site, with links to further resources. NEW Census Data U.S. Census Bureau, American Indian and Alaska Native Data and Links, historical and contemporary. Geospatial and Statistical Data Center, University of Virginia Library. Historical and contemporary. Links to More Links NEW Leanne Riding's extensive set of links to Jargon lexicons, texts and dictionaries on-line. Directory of Web sites about Native Americans of interest to children, at Yahooligans! Nancy Thomas' cheery People's Path Homepage. Focused on the Cherokees, but includes many links to other Native language and history resources. Well-organized and updated links to home pages of Native American nations by Lisa Mitten, at the University of Pittsburgh. A huge list of on-line dictionaries and grammars, including many Native American ones, at Jennifer [Runner]'s Language Page. Phil Konstantin's extensive, mostly Native-American oriented site, featuring "This Week in Native American History" and over a dozen pages of hundreds of links. Xwi7xwa Library's (First Nations at the University of British Columbia) links to First Nations languages resources.
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